Green tomatoes are tomatoes that are picked before they ripen (usually to red.)
They are very tart tasting, because they are more acidic than ripe tomatoes. Tomatoes increase in sweetness and drop in acidity as they ripen more.
For a home canner, green tomatoes are gold, because while so many delicious and prized canning recipes call for them, they can be hard to get in today’s urban, perfect supermarket world.
Green tomato recipes
If you want to just get right to the recipes, here’s the link for recipes that call for green tomatoes.
These tested recipes are from various sources such as the USDA, Ball, Bernardin, etc.
Note that green tomatoes can also be canned plain, on their own, as you would whole or crushed tomatoes. At the start to its plain tomato product canning section, the USDA Complete Guide to Home Canning says:
Green tomatoes are more acidic than ripened fruit and can be canned safely with any of the following recommendations.” [1]United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Complete guide to home canning. Agriculture information bulletin No. 539. 2015. Page 3-5
For canning green tomatoes in a jar on their own, however, the University of Wisconsin adds this advisory note:
Do not ripen green tomatoes indoors for canning, the proper acidity may not develop. Instead, harvest green tomatoes from late season or frost-damaged vines and use these green tomatoes in a relish or salsa.” [2]Ingham, Barbara. Take Steps to Ensure a Healthy Harvest. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Page 1.
So rather than trying to ripen green tomatoes indoors off the vine to some shade of pink or red, and then treating them as “regular tomatoes”, you should use them as green tomatoes in a condiment recipe, where tons of acidity is added naturally anyway for the recipe.
Green tomatoes — firm and acidic
Some home canning recipes for green tomatoes may rely on them for their firm, “dry” texture. They aren’t very juicy or watery. Rather than going into a “mush” as ripe tomatoes will when chopped, green tomatoes chop up instead into a fine, firm dice, like cucumbers. This makes them useful for things such as Green Tomato Relish.
Finely chopped green tomatoes
Others recipes may rely on them for their high acidity to make that recipe safe — recipes such as Kosher Dilled Tomatoes, which uses a weak brine, certainly relies on the green tomatoes having their own natural high acidity to keep the recipe safe.
So when a recipe calls for green tomatoes, use them and not ripe tomatoes. The only safe substitution that may be made for green tomatoes is swapping in tomatillos, as they also are very acidic, if not moreso. The USDA’s table of “Approximate pH of Foods and Food Products” assigns a pH value of 3.83 to tomatillos. [3] USDA. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Acidified and Low-Acid Canned Foods. April 2007. Accessed March 2015.
You can use green tomatoes instead of tomatillos in approved salsa recipes, according to the University of Wisconsin extension service:
You may safely substitute green tomatoes for tomatillos in an approved salsa recipe (try Green Tomato Salsa!), and you may also safely substitute green tomatoes or tomatillos for ripe tomatoes in any approved salsa recipe.” [4]Ingham, Barb. What to do with green tomatoes? University of Wisconsin Extension. Blog entry 19 September 2013. https://fyi.uwex.edu/safepreserving/2013/09/19/safe-preserving-what-to-do-with-green-tomatoes
Green tomatoes for pickling whole: no more than 3 cm (1 inch) wide
Green tomatoes for pickling whole as a pickled thing in their own right, as opposed to an ingredient in relish or chutney, should be about a max of 3 cm (1 inch) wide. Larger ones are usually chopped up for use in a mixture.
Safety note about green tomatoes
The authors of the Ball / Bernardin Complete Book are uneasy about the solanine in green tomatoes.
While green (unripe) tomatoes can be safely used as an ingredient in many home canning recipes, we don’t recommend preserving them as a stand-alone item. Green tomatoes contain a compound called solanine, which can be toxic if consumed in large amounts. Moreover, solanine — like other alkaloids, such as caffeine — contributes an astringent taste to foods that must be balanced by sweeter fruits, vegetables or sugar. The darker the green, the higher the tomato’s solanine content. The safest strategy is to use only pale green tomatoes or those tinged with red. If you have a supply of green tomatoes, you can ripen them considerably by placing them in a brown paper bag or between layers of newspaper until the intense green pales.” [5] Kingry, Judi and Lauren Devine. Bernardin Complete Book of Home Preserving. Toronto, Canada: Robert Rose Inc. 2015. Page 352.
Note that this is not a concern that has been officially expressed by the USDA or officially by any member of the Cooperative Extension System.
How to get green tomatoes
Many people get green tomatoes simply by growing tomatoes, and harvesting them early, or waiting till the end of the growing season and seeing what isn’t going to ripen in time before the onset of winter. Many urban canners grow tomatoes in containers on a balcony, porch, etc, expressly to get some green tomatoes at the end of the season.
You’ll rarely, and perhaps never, see them sold in stores. Some people say they’ve had luck asking their green grocer, or produce department manager at their local supermarket to order some in for them.
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Note: this topic does not refer to the heirloom tomato varieties that stay green when they are ripe, such as German Green, Emerald Giant, Green Giant and Green Zebra. They are ripe, and so won’t have the same low pH / high acidity that home canning recipes are often counting on in actual unripe green tomatoes.
References
| ↑1 | United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Complete guide to home canning. Agriculture information bulletin No. 539. 2015. Page 3-5 |
|---|---|
| ↑2 | Ingham, Barbara. Take Steps to Ensure a Healthy Harvest. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Page 1. |
| ↑3 | USDA. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Acidified and Low-Acid Canned Foods. April 2007. Accessed March 2015. |
| ↑4 | Ingham, Barb. What to do with green tomatoes? University of Wisconsin Extension. Blog entry 19 September 2013. https://fyi.uwex.edu/safepreserving/2013/09/19/safe-preserving-what-to-do-with-green-tomatoes |
| ↑5 | Kingry, Judi and Lauren Devine. Bernardin Complete Book of Home Preserving. Toronto, Canada: Robert Rose Inc. 2015. Page 352. |
Beth
Great information here, and I appreciate the references. I can coarsely chopped green tomatoes, using the recommended lemon juice, and they are the perfect acidity for green tomato dal in the winter.
carolyn buckman
green tomatoes canned for frying. is it necessary to use product such as pickle crisp to have crisp tomatoes slices to fry.
Healthy Canning
It’s uncertain that they will come out with a texture satisfactory for frying, regardless of what you do.
Peggy Wright
What do I need to do to get my tomatoes crisp
Edie Dusky
They can be “canned” alone. https://extension.umaine.edu/cumberland/2016/10/14/lets-preserve-green-tomatoes/
Canned Slices
Wash, core and slice green tomatoes. Pack loosely in pint or quart canning jars. To insure safe acidity, add 2 tablespoons of bottled lemon juice or ½ teaspoon of citric acid per quart of tomatoes. For pints, use 1 tablespoon of bottled lemon juice or ¼ teaspoon citric acid. Cover with boiling water to ½-inch of top of jars. Add 1/4 teaspoon of pickling or canning salt to each jar if you wish. Process pints 40 minutes and quarts 45 minutes in boiling water bath. To use, drain slices and prepare according to a recipe for green tomatoes as a vegetable, main dish, or dessert.
Healthy Canning
Correct Edi, they can be.
Martha cool
How to keep cold pack green tomatoes from getting soft after canning
Healthy Canning
It’s doubtful there’s any way you can prevent that. BTW, if your goal is to use them afterward for frying, freezing may be a better option? https://nchfp.uga.edu/how/freeze/tomato_green.html
Lois Thurston
I want to can some green tomatoes in medium chunks (to add to okra later to fry). I was going to do them in wide mouth pint jars. Do I use hot water over them or just can them raw with no liquid?
Thank you for your help.
Healthy Canning
Hi Lois, ask one of these Master Food Preserver groups for help with that.
Beth
I want to can some green tomatoes this year. I want to can them so that I can fry them when I am craving fried green tomatoes in the middle of the winter! A good friend of my grandmother use to can them this way, and I loved them! But she passed away before I could obtain her recipe! Any ideas? Craving them now!
Healthy Canning
I have not heard of any per se from any reputable sources for plain tomato (unless you are talking perhaps about pickled slices.) There is one though that I wonder about : ( Whole or Halved Tomatoes (packed raw without added liquid) https://nchfp.uga.edu/how/can_03/tomato_without_liquid.html . Write to the NCHFP ( https://nchfp.uga.edu/contact_more_info.html ) and ask them if that would give you slices firm enough to fry up (I suspect not) or if they can think of any other tested options. If you are on Facebook, you could also try asking Ball or Bernardin via their Facebook pages. Cheers.
cheryl craig
There is a recipe that I have for canning slices of green tomatoes that you can fry in the winter. I use PINT wide mouth jars for these so make sure your tomato slices will fit. I wash the green tomato, cut the stem out and slice the tomato in 1/4 inch slices. Fill the jars with the slices, add 2 tsp. of canning salt, 1 tbsp. lemon juice, and then fill the jar with room temperature water and leave at least a 1/4 inch of head space. Use a knife and run around the inside of the jar, between jar and slices, to remove any air bubbles. Wipe the rims of the jars well until it is dry. Place the lids on the jar, put the ring on and lightly twist to tighten. Don’t make them too tight, just turn until you feel resistance. Place the jars into a warm water canning bath with water covering the jars by 1inch. Bring canning bath to boil and turn down to slow boil. Process for 40 minutes! Remove jars and place on counter to cool, at which time the jars will seal as they cool. Leave ample space around the cooling jars for air to circulate. Don’t move the jars, just leave them there for a few hours or so. If they do not seal, you can repeat the process with a new clean lid and process again or just put in fridge to use within a few days or so. They should seal if the rims are clean and you have processed correctly. FYI…make sure you sterilize your jars before you fill them and don’t forget to boil the lids until you are ready to use them. Good luck and happy winter eating!
Healthy Canning
Hi Cheryl, that is interesting, do the slices come out firmly enough for frying?
Also just want to confirm that Cheryl’s directions do conform with USDA directions for canning whole or halved tomatoes (https://nchfp.uga.edu/how/can_03/tomato_water_pack.html ), though they might not like the pack type of slices re heat flow inside the jar. You could email the NCHFP to ask.
BTW, no need to sterilize jars anymore if processing time is greater than 10 minutes (since 1988) and Ball says don’t boil the lids anymore (since 1969.) https://www.healthycanning.com/whats-new-home-canning/
Monty Tyner
Is this for pints of quarts?
Healthy Canning
pints
Donna Briscoe
Cheryl Craig do you peel the green tomatoes before slicing?